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O'Donovan ((アイルランド語:Ó Donnabháin) (:oːˈd̪ˠɔn̪ˠəˌvˠɑːnʲ)) or Donovan is an Irish surname, deriving from Donovan who was slain in 977 AD. It is also written Dhonnabháin in certain grammatical contexts, and Donndubháin, being originally composed of the elements donn, meaning ''dark brown'', dubh, meaning ''dark'' or ''black'', and the diminutive suffix án. Ó derives from the earlier Ua, meaning ''grandson'' or ''descendant''. Compare O'Donoghue and O'Sullivan, containing the same elements. The spelling of the name during the 16th and 17th centuries included Donevan, Donevane, Donovane, and other iterations. Pronunciation of the name in Ireland is closest to "Dunaven". Arms have been granted or registered by at least ten separate O'Donovan individuals, in addition to the arms claimed by various septs of the O'Donovans. The armorial bearings, although distinct from each other, share a number of similar elements. The mottos associated with the various arms include: 'Adjuvante Deo in hostes' (Latin) – 'With the assistance of God against our enemies'.) 'Vir Super Hostem' (Latin – 'A man above his enemies') 'Giolla ar a-namhuid a-bu' (Gaelic – 'A man over his enemies forever') 'In Deo faciemus Virtutem (Latin – ' With God I shall have be valiant and virtuous') 'Croom a boo' (also, 'Croom abu') (Old Irish – 'Croom to victory') 'Imagines majorum as virtutem accendunt' (Latin – the images of our ancestor's lives inspire us to ever increasing valiancey and virtue') The O'Donovans are descendants of the 10th century Donnubán mac Cathail, ruler of the regional kingdom of Uí Fidgenti, as well as of his royal Norse relations from Limerick and Waterford, believed to belong to the Uí Ímair. From his accession to the kingship in 962 to the death of Amlaíb Ua Donnubáin in 1201, the Ui Chairpre operated as a semi-independent to sometimes fully independent regional ruling house within the larger provincial kingdom of Munster. In the 13th century, tha MacCarthys assumed control of the Ui Chairpre, and along with some O'Donovans, relocated from the Kingdom of Desmond and to Carbery, where they were a ruling sept for centuries. Several septs of O'Donovans were semi-autonomous flatha underneath the MacCarthy Reagh dynasty in Carbery, or perhaps more correctly local petty kings.〔Dillon, Myles, "The consecration of Irish kings", in ''Celtica 10'' (1973): 1–8. Dillon refers to O'Donovan as a petty king under MacCarthy. See also Elizabeth FitzPatrick, ''Royal Inauguration in Gaelic Ireland'', ''passim''.〕 Nearly five centuries later and eighty years after the fall of the Gaelic order, the O'Donovans were one of the few families of Carbery and Munster still allowed by the authorities to be of royal extraction.〔Sir Richard Cox, 1st Baronet, ''Carberiae Notitia''. 1686/1690. extracts published in ''(Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, Volume XII, Second Series )''. 1906. pp. 142–9.〕 Today the descendants of the family are still counted among the leading Gaelic nobility of Ireland. ==Two Carberys: Ui Chairpre near Limerick, and Carbery in Cork.== A royal race in Munster, a portion of the O'Donovans became Cairbre Eva (or Uí Chairpre, see map) within the ancient regional kingdom of the Uí Fidgenti, once approximately co-extensive with the modern County Limerick,〔Begley〕 and were for many centuries allies of the Eóganachta, to whom they may be related by common descent from Ailill Flann Bec (or Ailill Aulom), or possibly by marriage, or both. Although allowed to be princely ''in multiple ancient sources'',〔See Charles-Edwards.〕 in the Irish class structure the Uí Fidgenti were only middle tier among the ruling septs of the land, as they never contested for the kingship of the greater provincial kingdom of Munster, in which they were located. However, the Uí Fidgenti did not pay tribute to the Eóganachta kings of Cashel.〔See Byrne.〕 The Book of Rights,〔O’Huidhrin, Topeg. Poems, page 119〕 transcribed as a medieval topographical poem set forth the rights of the O'Donovans:〔() pp. 118–9〕 Their extensive territory followed Limerick's River Maigue, before the Dál gCais and O'Brien dynasty, and later the FitzGerald dynasty, forced them out of their territory between the late 12th and mid-13th century. O'Donovans were noted as taking refuge in 1169 in County Kerry, but were noted in their historical territory near Bruree and Croom in the mid-1200s. The relocation of some O'Donovans to Carbery in the later County Cork, appears to have occurred during the mid to late 13th century, primarily through their association with the MacCarthy Reagh sept. The majority of O'Donovans were associated with the MacCarthy Reagh sept, although considerable evidence exists that some O'Donovans maintained relations with groups hostile to the MacCarthy Reaghs, including other MacCarthy septs (MacCarthy Mor and MacCarthy of Muscry) and Anglo-Irish rulers (Earls of Desmond and Kildare). Only the O'Donovan chiefs of territories south of Kilmallock were inaugurated by the MacCaarthy Reagh; the O'Donovan chiefs of Bruree and territories north of Kilmallock were inaugurated by their Fidgheinte kinsmen.〔Irish Family History by Richard Cronnelly,p 253〕 The O'Donovans in Carbery may have been joined by a junior sept of their Ó Coileáin kinsmen from Uí Chonaill Gabra. A large number of O'Donovans of Carbery and Cork may also descend from the Dunavans of the Corca Laidghe, which was a completely different race than the descendants of Eoghan Mor. Later, the title Prince of Carbery (Cairbre) would be adopted by the MacCarthy Reaghs, although it is debated whether this is actually derived from the former tribal name of the O'Donovans (Ui Chairpre of the Ui Fidgente), and if so, then what circumstances led to it being extended well beyond the territories belonging to the O'Donovans. In any case, the Carberry septs of the Donovans were subservient to the MacCarthy Reaghs, from whom they received the White Wand. The leading family of the Carbery O'Donovans, Clann Cathail, paid to their overlords a surprisingly small, economically insignificant rent, but the precise reason for this is lost to history.〔Butler, "The Barony of Carbery"〕 Possibly earlier times were recalled, or it may be due to the special relationship they developed with Fíngin Reanna Róin Mac Carthaig (see below). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「O'Donovan family」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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